{"id":1939,"date":"2021-12-15T11:19:50","date_gmt":"2021-12-15T11:19:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/heatmanage.com\/?p=1939"},"modified":"2021-12-15T11:19:50","modified_gmt":"2021-12-15T11:19:50","slug":"cach-giai-quyet-cac-thach-thuc-ve-nhiem-ban-voi-cac-noi-hoi-sinh-hoc-va-noi-hoi-nhiet-phan-chat-thai","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/heatmanage.com\/vi\/news\/how-to-master-the-fouling-challenges-with-biofuel-and-waste-to-energy-boilers\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 b\u00e1m d\u00ednh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u1ed3i h\u01a1i sinh kh\u1ed1i v\u00e0 n\u1ed3i h\u01a1i nhi\u1ec7t ph\u00e2n ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111ang chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean sinh kh\u1ed1i v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i.<\/span><\/h3>\n

L\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea9y \u0111\u1eb1ng sau vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y l\u00e0 nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p v\u00e0o c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng. V\u00ec nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u sinh h\u1ecdc ch\u00e1y nhanh h\u01a1n v\u00e0 s\u1ea1ch h\u01a1n c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch, n\u00ean ch\u00fang s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n v\u00e0 ch\u1eadm h\u01a1n. Th\u1ee9 hai, vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u sinh h\u1ecdc s\u1ebd cho ph\u00e9p n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf t\u1eadn h\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i l\u00e0m nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i v\u1ed1n s\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 b\u1ecb v\u1ee9t \u0111i \u1edf b\u00e3i r\u00e1c. C\u1ea3 hai lo\u1ea1i nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y \u0111ang ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 tr\u1edf n\u00ean ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn h\u01a1n.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ebd g\u1eb7p nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng sinh kh\u1ed1i v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i so v\u1edbi nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch.<\/span><\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng sinh kh\u1ed1i v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i l\u00e0m nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u cho c\u00e1c n\u1ed3i h\u01a1i \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u0169ng t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c m\u1edbi li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 b\u00e1m d\u00ednh v\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c l\u00f2 h\u01a1i \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n do th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng do s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u. Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 b\u00e1m d\u00ednh m\u1ea1nh, \u0111\u00f4i khi t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c m\u1ea3ng b\u00e1m\/h\u1ea1t than \u1edf v\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch phun tro n\u1ebfu vi\u1ec7c phun tro kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean. Kh\u00f3i c\u00f2n c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u0103n m\u00f2n, v\u1edbi h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 Clo, K\u1ebdm v\u00e0 Kali, t\u1ea1o ra tro \u0103n m\u00f2n.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u1eafc ngh\u1ebdn c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 m\u00e1y h\u00fat h\u01a1i b\u1ecb t\u1eafc trong m\u00f9a ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 v\u1eabn c\u00f3 h\u01a1i b\u1ed1c l\u00ean, bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i d\u1eebng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1ec7 sinh th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng ngo\u00e0i gi\u1edd ch\u1ea1y. C\u00e1c l\u1ea7n d\u1eebng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn chi ph\u00ed \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 do s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y (ph\u1ebf li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n thu nh\u1eadp) v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed v\u1ec7 sinh.<\/span><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a n\u1ed3i h\u01a1i, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 gi\u1ea3m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u01a1i d\u00f9ng cho m\u00e1y h\u00fat kh\u00f3i ho\u1eb7c gi\u1eef cho c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t lu\u00f4n s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd, qua \u0111\u00f3 t\u0103ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u1ed3i h\u01a1i.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u1ea3 hai v\u00ed d\u1ee5 n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u gi\u00fap cho ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y tr\u1edf n\u00ean b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng h\u01a1n v\u00ec l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n. Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u1ed3i h\u01a1i d\u00f9ng g\u1ed7 ph\u00e1 d\u1ee1 v\u00e0 g\u1ed7 th\u1ea3i<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u0110\u00e3 l\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn r\u1eb1ng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y g\u1ed7 ph\u00e1 d\u1ee1 v\u00e0 g\u1ed7 th\u1ea3i mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u, trong khi g\u1ed7 ph\u00e1 d\u1ee1 v\u00e0 g\u1ed7 th\u1ea3i l\u1ea1i l\u00e0m t\u0103ng nguy c\u01a1 h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng m\u00e1y h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00e1t sinh khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e1y ph\u00e1 d\u1ee1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a tro g\u00e2y ra vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng g\u1ed7 th\u1ea3i l\u00e0m nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u. B\u1ea1n s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tro t\u0103ng l\u00ean \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. M\u00e1y ph\u00e1 d\u1ee1 v\u00e0 g\u1ed7 th\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o ra l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tro g\u1ea5p 2-5 l\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi g\u1ed7 v\u1ee5n.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ea5t b\u1ea9n h\u01a1n. C\u00e1t v\u00e0 tro c\u1ee7a g\u1ed7 khi b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y s\u1ebd d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng b\u00e1m d\u00ednh h\u01a1n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c m\u1ea3ng ch\u1ea5t b\u1ea9n\/tro kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch th\u1ed5i kh\u00f3i. Ch\u1ea5t b\u1ea9n n\u00e0y c\u00f2n m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n. N\u00f3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Clo, K\u1ebdm v\u00e0 Kali trong tro, t\u1ea1o ra ch\u1ea5t b\u1ea9n \u0103n m\u00f2n.<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a tro b\u1ee5i \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3 chi ph\u00ed v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn do nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ea9n do tro x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 tro th\u1ea3i tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u00e0m n\u00f3ng n\u1ed3i h\u01a1i l\u00e0:<\/span><\/p>\n